Wood is a clean, durable, time-tested material for building a house. A wooden house is easy to warm up in winter, and it is pleasantly cool in summer. Wood allows fresh air to pass through, maintains optimal humidity, creating comfortable living conditions.
Solid log
This category includes beam, made from solid wood:
- Unplaned (not profiled). The simplest and cheapest material. This is a rectangular log, quite strong and with high heat capacity.
Houses made from it are built quickly and easily, but require cladding.
- Profiled. It has recesses on one side and convexities on the other, which, when erecting walls, fit tightly into one another, preventing moisture from entering and heat loss.
- Cylinderized. It is a solid log of the same diameter, made on special milling equipment. The diameter can vary from 140 mm to 320 mm. For the construction of light, seasonal structures, timber with a diameter of up to 200 mm is used, and for the construction of heated houses - more than 220 mm.
- Hewn. Made by hand from solid logs. Traces of the tool remain visible on the surface of the timber, which gives it a unique and inimitable look.
- Carriage. It is hewn out of large diameter logs (from 40 cm) and has a semi-oval shape. Thanks to the massiveness of the logs, houses made from gun carriages look reliable and solid. The special design of the lock joints of the logs, the so-called “Norwegian lock”, ensures warmth and durability.
A significant disadvantage of houses built from solid timber is long-term shrinkage, which occurs most intensively in the first year, only after which can you begin installing windows and doors. During this period, cracks may form in the walls that need to be caulked.
The largest shrinkage occurs in houses built from planed and rounded timber - more than 10%, and houses made from profiled timber - up to 6%.
Other types of timber
- Glued laminated timber is manufactured on special equipment and consists of calibrated, longitudinally glued boards, of which there are from two to six. By placing the dense core of the tree in the lamellas on the outside, internal stress is relieved, the timber does not crack, does not deform, and retains its shape for a long time. Houses made of laminated veneer lumber practically do not shrink, which allows construction to be carried out at any time of the year and reduce its time.
- The insulated type of timber consists of two rows of dry profiled timber 60*150 mm and insulation between them. Stability and strength are achieved through locking joints. Various materials are used as insulation, usually mineral wool or basalt fiber. Frame houses built from an insulated type require cladding, but at the same time they are the most inexpensive, and in terms of technical qualities they are not inferior to houses made from other types of timber. The disadvantage is poor air ventilation, which leads to the accumulation of moisture in synthetic insulation materials and a decrease in thermal insulation properties.
Lumber as a building material has high performance characteristics. Houses made from it are easy and quick to build, environmentally friendly and have an attractive appearance. All types of timber can be successfully used depending on the intended purpose of the house, your preferences and financial capabilities.
For the construction of residential premises, it is best to use “winter” wood, that is, tree trunks cut down in the frosty winter. Winter wood is drier and cleaner, making it easier to process.
